MongoDB: A Complete Guide to the NoSQL Database Revolution

Home
Database
MongoDB: A Complete Guide to the NoSQL Database Revolution

Database

MongoDB: A Complete Guide to the NoSQL Database Revolution

Nov. 23, 2024 Amrit panta 170

MongoDB is an open-source, document-oriented NoSQL database. Unlike traditional relational databases that use tables, MongoDB stores data in flexible, JSON-like documents. This structure makes MongoDB ideal for handling unstructured or semi-structured data.

MongoDB: The NoSQL Database Revolutionizing Data Management

MongoDB is a leading NoSQL database that has transformed the way we manage and interact with data in modern applications. Its scalability, flexibility, and ease of use have made it a favorite among developers and businesses alike. In this blog, we'll dive into MongoDB, exploring its features, use cases, and how it differs from traditional databases.

What is MongoDB?

Key Features of MongoDB

Document-Oriented Storage
MongoDB stores data as BSON (Binary JSON) documents. Each document is a record that contains key-value pairs, making it easy to map to objects in modern programming languages.
Schema Flexibility
MongoDB does not require a predefined schema. This flexibility allows developers to evolve their database structure over time without complex migrations.
Scalability
Built with horizontal scalability in mind, MongoDB supports sharding, enabling it to handle massive amounts of data across multiple servers.
Indexing and Querying
MongoDB provides powerful indexing options and supports complex queries, including geospatial, text search, and aggregation pipelines.
High Availability
With built-in replication and automated failover, MongoDB ensures high availability of data.
Integration with Modern Tools
MongoDB integrates seamlessly with frameworks, languages, and tools like Node.js, Python, and Kafka, making it ideal for modern tech stacks.
Community and Ecosystem
With a vast community and a rich ecosystem of tools like MongoDB Atlas (cloud service), Compass (GUI), and Realm (mobile database), MongoDB simplifies development.

MongoDB vs. Relational Databases

Feature	MongoDB	Relational Databases
Data Model	Document-oriented (JSON-like)	Table-based
Schema	Schema-less	Fixed schema
Scaling	Horizontal (Sharding)	Vertical (Scaling up hardware)
Transactions	Supports multi-document ACID	Fully ACID-compliant
Flexibility	High	Limited

Setting Up MongoDB

Installation

Download:
Visit the and download the appropriate version for your operating system.
Install and Start:
Follow the installation instructions for your OS. Once installed, start the MongoDB server.
Move into the MongoDB community edition , then click on MongoDB server( you need to download MongoDB server) , before click on download button select appropriate version,platform and package (note for by system if choose version(current one),platform (Ubuntu 24.04 x64) and Package (server).
once .deb file is downloaded open terminal and install/ execute it on your local machine
```
cd  Downloads
sudo dpkg -i downloaded_file.deb
```
To check the either mongod service is sunning or not hits following command
```
sudo systemctl status mongod.service
```
If status is not active you can make it active by command
```
sudo systemctl start mongod.service
```
this will start mongod server or mongo daemon service which is responsible for starting mongod server.
Then you can connect to the MongoDB server using client like mongosh or graphical interface like mongodb compass.

Setup MongoDB shell
Let's start with downloading the mongodb shell. for that , in official website of mongodb , move to the Tools section then click on MongoDB shell , After that select version, package(Debian (10+) / ubuntu (18.04) x64) ) and package (deb).
At Last you need to execute this file as
```
sudo dpkg -i downloaded_file.deb 
```
Finally you can connect to mongodb server using mongodb shell
```
mongosh
```
Setup MongoDB Compass(GUI)
For installing the mongodb compass in your system you need to download the MongoDB compass .deb with proper version (latest one) , platform (ubuntu 64-bit (16.04+)) and package (deb) from the Tools section and execute file with the command.
```
sudo dpkg -i downloaded_file.deb
```
To start mongodb compass go to the App section and opened it.
To connect to local mongodb connection click on Add connection button then you will see url as mongodb://localhost;27017 as by default mongodb server is running on our localhost and port is 27017.
click on connect button to conect mongodb local server with the mongodb compass.

Setup MongoDB Atlas
You can also create online or cloud version of mongodb for the database management for that you need to create an account by visiting https://account.mongodb.com/account/login
After successfully login into the mongodb Atlas , create a new project with proper name and then it will redirect to newly created project with the option of creating cluster , click on create cluster button then , Fill form by selecting M0 Free package ( for free usages) , entering cluster name, region,provider and click on create Deploymnet button
it will create a new cluster or mongodb cloud server for you with provide username and password as well copy them (as it will needed to connect with the cloud mongodb server)
After All click on Create Database user button to ceate user on database with the provided username and password.
Finally Click on Choose Connecion Button, then go through Drivers to get connect to your application (like project on fastapi,flask, mongodb compass so on) with mongodb driver.
You need to select driver like python, nodejs according to the requirements.
Then you can see the code to connect mongodb driver with the application in view full code sample section
```
# python -m pip install "pymongo[srv]"

from pymongo.mongo_client import MongoClient
from pymongo.server_api import ServerApi

uri = "mongodb+srv://user_name:[email protected]/?retryWrites=true&w=majority&appName=cluster_name"

# Create a new client and connect to the server
client = MongoClient(uri, server_api=ServerApi('1'))

# Send a ping to confirm a successful connection
try:
    client.admin.command('ping')
    print("Pinged your deployment. You successfully connected to MongoDB!")
except Exception as e:
    print(e)
 
```
Then you can connect this cloud server with the mongodb shell by establishing new connection using the uri
```
mongodb+srv://user_name:[email protected]/?retryWrites=true&w=majority&appName=cluster_name
```

MongoDB (where mongo means huge) , it is the data server where we create or manage many database.

documents are store in Bson format ( Bson is a binary structure encoder type information , which allows it to be traversed mush more quickly compare to json)

Some important commands in mongodb:

show dbs;
use testing_db; # switch to testing_db and if not db exit it will create database and switch into it
show collections;

CRUD Operation In MongoDB

Create

db.student.insertOne({"name":"ram thapa","age":1})

# response
{
  acknowledged: true,
  insertedId: ObjectId('674163171c73228eb1c1c18c')
}

Read

testing_db> db.student.find()
# response
[
  {
    _id: ObjectId('674163171c73228eb1c1c18c'),
    name: 'ram thapa',
    age: 1
  }
]

db.student.find({"name":"ram thapa"})
#response
[
  {
    _id: ObjectId('674163171c73228eb1c1c18c'),
    name: 'ram thapa',
    age: 1
  }
]

Update

db.student.update({"name":"ram thapa"},{$set:{"age":2}})
# response
{
  acknowledged: true,
  insertedId: null,
  matchedCount: 1,
  modifiedCount: 1,
  upsertedCount: 0
}

Delete

Some important commands for mongo-db

1.{ "name": "amrit" }
2.{ "age": { "$gt": 25 } }    { "age": { "$lt": 30 } }   { "age": { "$gte": 20, "$lte": 30 } }   (inclusive)
3.{ "$or": [ { "name": "amrit" }, { "age": 25 } ] }
4.{ "$and": [ { "name": "amrit" }, { "age": 25 } ] }
5.{ "name": { "$regex": "^am", "$options": "i" } }   // start with am
6.{ "name": { "$regex": "rit", "$options": "i" } }  // Contains "rit":
7.{ "address.city": "Kathmandu" }
8.{ "skills": { "$all": ["Python", "MongoDB"] } }  //Check if both values exist:
9.{ "status": { "$ne": "inactive" } }  // not equal
10.{ "email": { "$ne": null } }  // not equal to null
11.{ "name": /amrit/ }   { "name": /amrit/i } (case insensitive)  { "name": /^amrit/ } ( Starts with a value)
{ "name": /amrit$/ } (ends with value)
12.{ "name": { "$not": /amrit/ } }  (doesnot match pattern)
13.{ "$or": [ { "name": /amrit/ }, { "name": /john/ } ] }  //Contains any one of multiple patterns
14.{ "name": /\bamrit\b/ }  (Contains exact word)
15.{ "name": /^[A-Z]/ }  (start with capital letter)   { "name": /^[a-z]/ }  (start with lowerletter)
16.{ "name": /\d$/ }  (ends with digits)
17.{ "name": /^a.*t$/i }  (Starts with A and ends with T (case-insensitive)
18.{ "name": /^[A-Za-z]+$/ } (Only letters (no digits/symbols))
19.
20.
{ "phone": /^\d+$/ }  (Only digits (e.g., for phone or ID field))
{ "email": /^[\w.-]+@[a-zA-Z_-]+?\.[a-zA-Z]{2,3}$/ } (Email format match (simple))
{ "description": /mongodb|flask|python/i }  (Match either “mongodb”, “flask”, or “python” in description:)
{ "name": { "$not": /amrit/i } }  (doesnot contain word)
{ "name": /^.{3,}$/ }  (Field with at least 3 characters)

About author