Extra content for the linux , some commands related to the linux / terminal so that it will be easy for the developer to work with the terminal

Some useful commands for the terminal

1 .Directory related

• mkdir directory_name
• mkdir -p project/src/components create nested folders
• rmdir directory_name   remove empty directory
• rm -r directory_name  Remove a directory with files inside
• rm -rf directory_name  Force delete (no confirmation)
• sudo rm -rf directory_name  If you get permission denied (used sudo)
• ls directory_name  lists of all content of this directory
• ls -l with details
• ls -a with hidden files
• ls -lh with human readable size
• pwd present working directory
• cd folder_name change directory
• cd .. go one level back
• cd ~ go to home directory
• cd / go to root directory
• cd - go to previous directory
• cp -r source_folder destination_folder  copy directory
• mv old_name new_name move/rename directory
• ls | wc -l count file in directory
• xdg-open folder_name open directory in file manager
• watch ls folder_name watch live changes
• pwd && ls -lah modern used commands combo
• du -sh folder_name check directory size
• ls -ld folder_name directory permission
  • chmod 755 folder_name change permission
  • sudo chown user:user folder_name change owner
• tree see folder structure 
  • sudo apt install tree
  • tree myfolder you can used this as well
• find / -type d -name folder_name find directory
  • example

  • find /home -type d -name myproject

    
     

Linux Permission Commands

Linux permission commands are super important for security and daily work

Check File & Directory Permissions

ls  -l

Example output:

drwxr-xr-- 2 user user 4096 notes

Breakdown:

Permission Type

User Type

CHMOD — Change Permissions

Give execute permission to owner:

chmod u+x script.sh

Remove write permission from others:

chmod o-w file.txt

Give read permission to group:

chmod g+r report.pdf

Give all permissions to everyone:

chmod a+rwx folder_name

Numeric (Octal) Method (Most Used)

Example:

chmod 755 myfolder

Means:

• Owner ? 7 ? rwx
• Group ? 5 ? r-x
• Others ? 5 ? r-x

Common Permission Presets

CHOWN — Change Owner

Change owner only

sudo chown user file.txt

Change  owner + grpup

sudo chown user:group file.txt

Change owner for a directory recursively:

sudo chown -R user:user myfolder